Development of Communication @ Development of Media

Emergence of Modern Era in Communication and Mass Communication follows the Inventions of Modern Technologies. The Growth of Media (an Instrument of Communication) and Social Media (Social Channel of Communication) Revolutionized the Communication Rapidly. 

1792 : The Telegraph (Semaphore System)

A system of conveying Information by means of Visual Signals, using towers with pivoting shutters invented in 1792 by Claude Chappe, a French inventor. He demonstrated a practical Semaphore System that was the First practical Telecommunication system of the industrial age, making Chappe the first telecom Mogul with his "Mechanical Internet”.

1836 : The Telegraph (Morse Code System)

A method of transmitting text Information as a Series of On-Off tones, Lights, or Clicks that can be directly understood without special equipment. It was an Electrical Telegraph, independently developed and patented in the United States in 1836 by Samuel Morse. His assistant, Alfred Vail, developed the Morse code Signaling Alphabet with Morse.

1836 : Pneumatic Mail

A System to deliver Letters through Pressurized Air Tubes invented by Willam Murdoch in 1836 in United Kingdom.

1838 : The Telegram

It refers to the message received using a Telegraph. The code used on a Telegraph Machine to send a Telegram is called Morse code, named after the inventor. The Telegram was invented by Samuel Morse in 1838 in United States.

1875 : Telephone

Point to Point Communication System whose most basic function is to allow Two People Separated by Large distances to talk to each other. It was invented by a Scottish emigrant Alexander Graham Bell in 1875.

1891 : Radio

Radio is the Transmission of Signals through Free Space by Electromagnetic Waves with frequencies. Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, proved the feasibility of radio communication. He sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895. By 1899 he flashed the first wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the letter "S", telegraphed from England to Newfoundland.

1920 : Television

Television (T.V) is a system for Converting Visual Images (with sound) into Electrical Signals, Transmitting them by Radio or other means, and displaying them Electronically on a Screen. John Logie Baird is regarded to its Invention in 1920.

1953 : First Commercial Scientific Computer

International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation, an American Multi National Technology Company Publicly Introduced the First Commercial Scientific Computer IBM 701.

Note: In 1822, Charles Babbage conceptualized and began developing the Difference Engine, considered to be the first automatic computing machine.

In 1837, Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine. 

               (The first Mechanical Computer, created by Charles Babbage in 1822)

1964 : The First Desktop / Mass-Market Computer                                                        

The First Desktop Computer, the Programma 101, was unveiled to the public at the New York World's Fair.

1969 : ARPANET

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early Packet Switching Network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP. Both technologies became the Technical Foundation of the Internet. ARPANET was initially funded by the Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense.

The packet switching methodology employed in the ARPANET was based on concepts and designs by Americans Leonard Kleinrock and Paul Baran, British scientist Donald Davies, and Lawrence Roberts.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic Communication Language or Protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a Communication Protocol in a Private Network (either an Intranet or an Extranet).

The TCP/IP were developed for ARPANET by Computer Scientists Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf, and incorporated concepts from the French CYCLADES Project directed by Louis Pouzin.

1969 : First Commercial Online Service by CompuServe

CompuServe (CompuServe Information Service, also known by its acronym CIS) was the first major commercial Online Service in the United States. CIS was known for its Online Chat System, Message Forums covering a variety of topics, extensive Software Libraries for most computer Platforms, and a series of popular Online Games. They are also known for their introduction of the GIF format for pictures, and CIS was a very popular GIF exchange mechanism.

1971 : First e-mail

Sent by computer engineer Ray Tomlinson in 1971, the email was simply a Test Message to himself. The email was sent from One Computer to another Computer sitting right beside it in Cambridge, Massachusetts, but it traveled via ARPANET, a network of computers that was the precursor to the Internet.

1975 : Personal Computer

Ed Roberts coined the term "Personal Computer" when he introduced the Altair 8800.

1978 :  Bulletin Board Service (BBS)

Coin Operated Computer Terminals located in neighbourhoods. A Bulletin Board System or BBS, is a Computer Server running Software that allows users to connect to the system using a Terminal Program.

Once logged in, the user can perform functions such as Uploading and Downloading Softwares and Data, Reading News and Bulletins, and Exchanging Messages with other users through email, Public Messages Boards and sometimes via Direct Chatting.

Bulletin Board Systems were in many ways a Precursor to the modern form of the World Wide Web, Social Networks and other aspects of the Internet.

1979 : News Groups / UUCP dial-up Network

Usenet is a Worldwide distributed Discussion System available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose UUCP dial-up Network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980.

Users Read and Post Messages (called Articles or Posts, and collectively termed News) to one or more categories, known as News Groups. Usenet resembles a Bulletin Board System (BBS) in many respects and is the Precursor to Internet Forums that are widely used today.

UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy) is the term generally refers to a Suite of Computer Programs and Protocols allowing remote execution of commands and Transfer of Files, email and Net News between Computers.

1981 : Portable Computer

The First Portable Computer was created in April 1981 by a company called Osborne, led by a Journalist turned entrepreneur named Adam Osborne.

1983 :  Portable Telephone (Cellular Phone/ Handset / Mobile)

The World’s First Cell Phone “Motorola DynaTAC 800x” was launched in 1983. It was priced at around $4,000 and lasted for 30 minutes of talk time before dying. It was also about the size of a foot long sub from Subway.

Cell Phones were originally created so people could take while they drove. Initially called “Car Phones”, early cell phones were Bulky, Cumbersome, and Expensive compared to today’s Modern Devices.

For the first time in history, a human being could call someone without the constraints of wires or portable phone holders.

1985 : The America Online (AOL) Service Opened                                                                     AOL was one of the early Pioneers of the Internet in the mid 1990s founded by Bill Von Meister. It was the most recognized brand on the web in the U.S. and still exists. It originally provided a dial-up Service to millions of Americans, as well as providing a Web Portal, email, Instant Messaging and later a Web Browser following its purchase of Netscape.

1989 : World Wide Web / Internet

World Wide Web (WWW or The Web) is an Information Space where Documents and other Web Resources are identified by  Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee a British computer scientist in 1989. Then, He gave it to the World for Free.

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an Application Protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners Lee at CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1989.