Emergence of Modern
Era in Communication and Mass Communication follows the Inventions of Modern
Technologies. The Growth of Media (an Instrument of Communication)
and Social Media (Social Channel of Communication) Revolutionized the
Communication Rapidly.
1792 : The Telegraph (Semaphore System)
A system of conveying
Information by means of Visual Signals, using towers with pivoting
shutters invented in 1792 by Claude Chappe, a French inventor. He demonstrated a practical Semaphore System that was the First practical Telecommunication system of the industrial age, making
Chappe the first telecom Mogul with his "Mechanical Internet”.
1836 : The Telegraph (Morse Code System)
A method of transmitting text Information as
a Series of On-Off tones, Lights, or Clicks that can be
directly understood without special equipment.
It was an Electrical Telegraph, independently developed and patented in
the United States in 1836 by Samuel Morse. His
assistant, Alfred Vail, developed the Morse code Signaling Alphabet
with Morse.
1836 : Pneumatic Mail
A System to deliver Letters
through Pressurized Air Tubes invented by Willam Murdoch in 1836 in United Kingdom.
1838 : The Telegram
It
refers to the message received using a Telegraph. The code used on a Telegraph
Machine to send a Telegram is called Morse code, named after the inventor. The
Telegram was invented by Samuel
Morse in 1838 in United States.
1875 : Telephone
Point to Point
Communication System
whose most basic function is to allow Two People Separated by Large distances
to talk to each other. It was invented by a Scottish
emigrant Alexander Graham Bell in 1875.
1891 : Radio
Radio is the Transmission
of Signals through Free Space by Electromagnetic Waves with frequencies. Guglielmo Marconi, an
Italian inventor, proved the feasibility of radio communication. He sent and
received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895. By 1899 he flashed the first
wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the
letter "S", telegraphed from England to Newfoundland.
1920 : Television
Television (T.V) is a system for Converting Visual Images (with sound) into
Electrical Signals, Transmitting them by Radio or other means, and displaying
them Electronically on a Screen. John Logie Baird is regarded to its Invention
in 1920.
1953 :
First Commercial Scientific Computer
International
Business Machines (IBM) Corporation, an American Multi National Technology Company
Publicly Introduced the First
Commercial Scientific Computer IBM 701.
Note: In 1822, Charles Babbage conceptualized and began developing the Difference Engine,
considered to be the first automatic computing machine.
In 1837, Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine.
(The
first Mechanical Computer, created by Charles Babbage in 1822)
1964 : The First Desktop /
Mass-Market Computer
The First Desktop
Computer, the Programma 101,
was unveiled to the public at the New York World's Fair.
1969 : ARPANET
The Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network (ARPANET) was
an early Packet Switching Network and
the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP.
Both technologies became the Technical Foundation of the Internet.
ARPANET was initially funded by the Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense.
The
packet switching methodology employed in the ARPANET was based on concepts and
designs by Americans Leonard Kleinrock and Paul Baran, British scientist Donald Davies, and Lawrence Roberts.
TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic Communication Language or Protocol of the Internet. It can also be
used as a Communication Protocol in
a Private Network (either an Intranet or an Extranet).
The TCP/IP were
developed for ARPANET by Computer Scientists Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf, and incorporated
concepts from the French CYCLADES Project directed by Louis Pouzin.
1969 : First Commercial
Online Service by CompuServe
CompuServe (CompuServe Information Service, also known by its
acronym CIS) was the first
major commercial Online Service in the United States. CIS was known for its Online
Chat System, Message Forums covering a variety of topics, extensive
Software Libraries for most computer Platforms, and a series of popular Online Games. They are also known for their introduction of the GIF format for pictures, and CIS
was a very popular GIF exchange mechanism.
1971 : First e-mail
Sent by computer engineer Ray Tomlinson in 1971, the email was simply a Test Message to himself.
The email was sent from One Computer to
another Computer sitting right beside it in Cambridge, Massachusetts, but
it traveled via ARPANET, a network of computers that was the precursor to the
Internet.
1975 : Personal Computer
Ed Roberts coined the term "Personal
Computer" when he introduced the Altair 8800.
1978 : Bulletin Board Service (BBS)
Coin Operated Computer
Terminals located in neighbourhoods. A Bulletin Board System or BBS, is a Computer Server running Software that allows users to connect to the
system using a Terminal Program.
Once
logged in, the user can perform functions such as Uploading and Downloading Softwares and Data, Reading News and Bulletins, and Exchanging Messages with
other users through email, Public Messages Boards and
sometimes via Direct Chatting.
Bulletin Board Systems were in many ways a Precursor to the
modern form of the World Wide Web, Social Networks and other aspects of the Internet.
1979 : News Groups / UUCP dial-up Network
Usenet is a Worldwide distributed Discussion
System available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose UUCP dial-up Network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived
the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980.
Users
Read and Post Messages (called Articles or Posts,
and collectively termed News)
to one or more categories, known as News Groups.
Usenet resembles a Bulletin Board System (BBS)
in many respects and is the Precursor to Internet Forums that are widely used today.
UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy) is the term generally refers to a Suite
of Computer Programs and Protocols allowing remote execution of
commands and Transfer of Files, email and Net News between Computers.
1981 : Portable Computer
The First Portable Computer was created in April 1981 by a
company called Osborne, led by a Journalist turned entrepreneur named
Adam Osborne.
1983 : Portable
Telephone (Cellular Phone/ Handset / Mobile)
The World’s First
Cell Phone “Motorola DynaTAC 800x” was launched in 1983. It was priced at
around $4,000 and lasted for 30 minutes of talk time before
dying. It was also about the size of a foot long sub from Subway.
Cell
Phones were originally created so people could take while they drove. Initially
called “Car Phones”, early cell phones were Bulky, Cumbersome,
and Expensive compared to today’s Modern Devices.
For the
first time in history, a human being could call someone without the
constraints of wires or portable phone holders.
1985 : The America Online (AOL) Service Opened AOL was one of the early
Pioneers of the Internet in the mid
1990s founded
by Bill Von Meister. It was the
most recognized brand on the web in the U.S. and still exists. It originally provided a dial-up Service to millions
of Americans, as well as providing a Web Portal, email, Instant
Messaging and later a Web Browser following its purchase
of Netscape.
1989 : World Wide Web / Internet
World Wide
Web (WWW or The Web) is an Information Space where
Documents and other Web Resources are
identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee a British computer scientist in 1989. Then, He
gave it to the World for Free.
The Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an Application Protocol for
distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the
foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Development of
HTTP was initiated by Tim
Berners Lee at CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1989.
