INTERNET

The Internet has revolutionized the Communications world like nothing before.

The invention of the Telegraph, Telephone, Radio, T.V and Computer set the stage for this unprecedented Integration of Capabilities.

1989 : World Wide Web / Internet

World Wide Web (WWW or The Web) is an Information Space where Documents and other Web Resources are identified by  Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee a British computer scientist in 1989. Then, He gave it to the World for Free.

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an Application Protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners Lee at CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1989.

Internet : ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and from there Researchers began to assemble the “Network of Networks” that became the modern Internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.

The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic Location.

INTERNET made the World a Global Village as far as Information is Concern.

1995 : Internet explorer

Internet Explorer is a discontinued series of Graphical Web browsers developed by Microsoft (an American multinational technology company) and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995.

The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic Location. It made the World a Global Village as far as Information is Concern.

Web Search Engine : A Software System that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.

The information may be a mix of Web Pages, Images and other types of File. Some search engines also mine data available in database or Open Directories.

Some Earlier and Popular Search Engines

1993 : W3Catalog / Ali Web / JumpStation / WWW Worm

1995 : Yahoo! (and Others)

1998 : Google! / msn (and Others)

2004 : Yahoo! Search (and Others)

2005 : AOL Search (and Others)

2006 : Ask.com (and Others)                 [Inactive / Active]

INTERNET in INDIA

1995 :  The First Publicly available Internet Service in India was launched by state-owned Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) on 14 August 1995.

Development of Communication @ Development of Media

Emergence of Modern Era in Communication and Mass Communication follows the Inventions of Modern Technologies. The Growth of Media (an Instrument of Communication) and Social Media (Social Channel of Communication) Revolutionized the Communication Rapidly. 

1792 : The Telegraph (Semaphore System)

A system of conveying Information by means of Visual Signals, using towers with pivoting shutters invented in 1792 by Claude Chappe, a French inventor. He demonstrated a practical Semaphore System that was the First practical Telecommunication system of the industrial age, making Chappe the first telecom Mogul with his "Mechanical Internet”.

1836 : The Telegraph (Morse Code System)

A method of transmitting text Information as a Series of On-Off tones, Lights, or Clicks that can be directly understood without special equipment. It was an Electrical Telegraph, independently developed and patented in the United States in 1836 by Samuel Morse. His assistant, Alfred Vail, developed the Morse code Signaling Alphabet with Morse.

1836 : Pneumatic Mail

A System to deliver Letters through Pressurized Air Tubes invented by Willam Murdoch in 1836 in United Kingdom.

1838 : The Telegram

It refers to the message received using a Telegraph. The code used on a Telegraph Machine to send a Telegram is called Morse code, named after the inventor. The Telegram was invented by Samuel Morse in 1838 in United States.

1875 : Telephone

Point to Point Communication System whose most basic function is to allow Two People Separated by Large distances to talk to each other. It was invented by a Scottish emigrant Alexander Graham Bell in 1875.

1891 : Radio

Radio is the Transmission of Signals through Free Space by Electromagnetic Waves with frequencies. Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, proved the feasibility of radio communication. He sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895. By 1899 he flashed the first wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the letter "S", telegraphed from England to Newfoundland.

1920 : Television

Television (T.V) is a system for Converting Visual Images (with sound) into Electrical Signals, Transmitting them by Radio or other means, and displaying them Electronically on a Screen. John Logie Baird is regarded to its Invention in 1920.

1953 : First Commercial Scientific Computer

International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation, an American Multi National Technology Company Publicly Introduced the First Commercial Scientific Computer IBM 701.

Note: In 1822, Charles Babbage conceptualized and began developing the Difference Engine, considered to be the first automatic computing machine.

In 1837, Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine. 

               (The first Mechanical Computer, created by Charles Babbage in 1822)

1964 : The First Desktop / Mass-Market Computer                                                        

The First Desktop Computer, the Programma 101, was unveiled to the public at the New York World's Fair.

1969 : ARPANET

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early Packet Switching Network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP. Both technologies became the Technical Foundation of the Internet. ARPANET was initially funded by the Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense.

The packet switching methodology employed in the ARPANET was based on concepts and designs by Americans Leonard Kleinrock and Paul Baran, British scientist Donald Davies, and Lawrence Roberts.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic Communication Language or Protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a Communication Protocol in a Private Network (either an Intranet or an Extranet).

The TCP/IP were developed for ARPANET by Computer Scientists Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf, and incorporated concepts from the French CYCLADES Project directed by Louis Pouzin.

1969 : First Commercial Online Service by CompuServe

CompuServe (CompuServe Information Service, also known by its acronym CIS) was the first major commercial Online Service in the United States. CIS was known for its Online Chat System, Message Forums covering a variety of topics, extensive Software Libraries for most computer Platforms, and a series of popular Online Games. They are also known for their introduction of the GIF format for pictures, and CIS was a very popular GIF exchange mechanism.

1971 : First e-mail

Sent by computer engineer Ray Tomlinson in 1971, the email was simply a Test Message to himself. The email was sent from One Computer to another Computer sitting right beside it in Cambridge, Massachusetts, but it traveled via ARPANET, a network of computers that was the precursor to the Internet.

1975 : Personal Computer

Ed Roberts coined the term "Personal Computer" when he introduced the Altair 8800.

1978 :  Bulletin Board Service (BBS)

Coin Operated Computer Terminals located in neighbourhoods. A Bulletin Board System or BBS, is a Computer Server running Software that allows users to connect to the system using a Terminal Program.

Once logged in, the user can perform functions such as Uploading and Downloading Softwares and Data, Reading News and Bulletins, and Exchanging Messages with other users through email, Public Messages Boards and sometimes via Direct Chatting.

Bulletin Board Systems were in many ways a Precursor to the modern form of the World Wide Web, Social Networks and other aspects of the Internet.

1979 : News Groups / UUCP dial-up Network

Usenet is a Worldwide distributed Discussion System available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose UUCP dial-up Network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980.

Users Read and Post Messages (called Articles or Posts, and collectively termed News) to one or more categories, known as News Groups. Usenet resembles a Bulletin Board System (BBS) in many respects and is the Precursor to Internet Forums that are widely used today.

UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy) is the term generally refers to a Suite of Computer Programs and Protocols allowing remote execution of commands and Transfer of Files, email and Net News between Computers.

1981 : Portable Computer

The First Portable Computer was created in April 1981 by a company called Osborne, led by a Journalist turned entrepreneur named Adam Osborne.

1983 :  Portable Telephone (Cellular Phone/ Handset / Mobile)

The World’s First Cell Phone “Motorola DynaTAC 800x” was launched in 1983. It was priced at around $4,000 and lasted for 30 minutes of talk time before dying. It was also about the size of a foot long sub from Subway.

Cell Phones were originally created so people could take while they drove. Initially called “Car Phones”, early cell phones were Bulky, Cumbersome, and Expensive compared to today’s Modern Devices.

For the first time in history, a human being could call someone without the constraints of wires or portable phone holders.

1985 : The America Online (AOL) Service Opened                                                                     AOL was one of the early Pioneers of the Internet in the mid 1990s founded by Bill Von Meister. It was the most recognized brand on the web in the U.S. and still exists. It originally provided a dial-up Service to millions of Americans, as well as providing a Web Portal, email, Instant Messaging and later a Web Browser following its purchase of Netscape.

1989 : World Wide Web / Internet

World Wide Web (WWW or The Web) is an Information Space where Documents and other Web Resources are identified by  Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee a British computer scientist in 1989. Then, He gave it to the World for Free.

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an Application Protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners Lee at CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) in 1989.

THE EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION

Evolution of Communication follows the Progress of Civilizations which, in turn, moves in response to changing Cultural Technologies. The Transfer of Complex Information, Ideas and Concepts from One Individual to Another, or to a Group, underwent extreme Evolution since Pre-Historic Times. It has been 30,000 years later since the first recorded evidence of Written Communication and it is still dramatically changing. Nowadays, Perhaps, faster than ever before due to Amazing Advancement in Technologies in recent years.

Ancient Era: Shouting

The Ancient Early Man Used to shout for him to be heard by others far to him. 

Before Written Communication

Human beings exchanged Information, News and Ideas, long before they could write. They spread news by Word of Mouth on crossroads, at campfires or at markets. Messengers Raced back from battlefields with reports on Victories or Defeats. Criers walked through villages announcing Births, Deaths, Marriages and Divorces. Stories of unlikely occurrences spread, in the words of one anthropological report, "like wildfire" through preliterate societies.

25,000-30,000 B.C: Cave Paintings

Pictures on Cave Walls is the beginning of Written Communication for the Human Kind. First Humans’ Painted descriptive Pictures on Cave Walls found in caves of Southern France and Spain. 

3500 B.C:  Clay Tablets

One of the earliest examples of Pictorial Writing was found in the excavation of Uruk in Mesopotamia, dating from 3500 B.C. The Sumerians developed “Cuneiform” (Pictographs) Writing on Wet Clay Tablets. 

3250 B.C:  Invention of Earliest Paper

The First ever known Paper was produced by The Egyptians in Egypt by 3500 BC. The central pulp of Papyrus reed was split, dried and glued together.

2900 B.C: Writing on Woods

In 2900 B.C. later The Egyptians developed “Hieroglyphic Writing” in which they used religious Literature on Papyrus and Woods, which combined Logo-graphic and Alphabetic Elements. 
(Papyrus: A thick type of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant)

1900 B.C: Writing on Bones

The Chinese Independently developed their very own style of writing on Bones.

200 B.C: Fire & Smoke Signals 

Fire & Smoke signals are the oldest form of Visual Communication. Simplistic in design and execution, they were used first used in 200 BC to send messages along the Great Wall of China.

150 B.C: Alphabet through Smoke

Greek Historian Polybius devised a system of smoke signals that were visual representations of the alphabet. This meant that messages could easily be sent by holding sets of torches in pairs.

105 B.C: Invention of Paper

Tsai Lun of China Invented Paper as we know it today. Chinese made Paper by mixing finely chopped Mulberry Bark and Hemp Rags with Water, Mashing it Flat, and then Pressing out the water and Letting it Dry in the Sun.

500-1500 A.D: Pigeon Posting

Domesticated Pigeons are first developed in ancient Egypt, and the pigeon loft or dovecote subsequently becomes a living larder for many communities. In Baghdad, in the 11th century, the idea first occurs of making use of the tendency of certain pigeons to fly straight home from wherever they may be. A rapid postal service (always back to base) becomes possible.

In the 12th century A.D Sultan Nur-ud-din built Pigeon Lofts and Dovecotes in Cairo and Damascus, where Pigeons were used to carry messages from Egypt to cities as far away as Baghdad in modern day Iraq.

600 A.D: Invention of the Art of Printing

The Chinese were also the first to invent the art of printing. They made Wooden Blocks to Print Letters. This was started during the period of the Tang Dynasty in 600 A.D.

684 A.D: Oldest Printed Work

The oldest known surviving printed work in a woodblock is a Buddhist scripture of 684 A.D.

868 A.D: First Printed Book

“Diamond Sutra” (Buddhist Text) written by Wang Chick in 868 A.D. was the first printed book published in China.

11^th Century A.D: New Dimension to Printing

Print with movable Clay type was invented by Pi Shang of China in 11^th century A.D.

1377: Buddhist Scriptures Printing

Some copies of the Buddhist scriptures printed in 1377 are preserved in the museums in China.

1439: Invention of Printing Press

Germany’s Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of Printing Press (although the Chinese had a crude version of printing press) was revolutionary. He had developed printing technology around 1439. He also invented an Oil-based Ink for Printing.

1450: Printing of Bible

Gutenberg printed the Bible in 1450. He used movable Printing blocks for the book.

1556: Printing Technology in India

Printing Technology came to India in 1556 by the Jesuit Priests and Christian Missionaries.  

The Invention of Paper and Printing Technologies paved the way to emergence of Books and Newspapers and revolutionized Communication and Mass Communication and Journalism as well.